Questions

What is acute flaccid paralysis. Discuss the differential diagnosis of a case of acute flaccid paralysis and its surveillance (2+6+2=10)

182. Weakness and Hypotonia

Biochemical changes in rickets

176. Disorders of Parathyroid Bone and Mineral Endocrinology

Complications of fallot’s tetralogy

144. Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

APGAR scroe

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Rheumatic fever prophylaxis

146. Rheumatic Fever

Diagnostic criteria of infective endocarditis

111. Infective Endocarditis

Difference between caput succedaneum and cephalhematoma

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Oral rehydration therapy

33. Dehydration and Replacement Therapy

Varicella vaccine

94. Immunization and Prophylaxis

Zinc deficiency in children

31. Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies

Circle of Willis

179. Neurology Assessment

Peripheral smear picture in iron deficiency anemia

150. Anemia

Treatment choice in scrub typhus

122. Zoonoses and Vector Borne Infections

Four causes of respiratory distress in newly born baby

61. Respiratory Diseases of the Newborn

Name four dangerous signs in pneumonia

110. Pneumonia

When was last case of poliomyelitis reported in India

97. Infections Characterized by Fever and Rash

Seven years old child was brought with fever and seizure O/E deeply comatose, pale and significant hepato-splenomegaly. Answer the following: • What are the possibilities. • What clinical signs will you look for in this case • How will you investigate. • How will you manage.

96. Fever Without a Focus

Management of HIV children

125. HIV and AIDS

Management of near drowning child

43. Drowning

Dengue hemorrhagic shock

122. Zoonoses and Vector Borne Infections

Clinical features and investigation in infective endocarditis

111. Infective Endocarditis

Cerebral edema

184. Altered Mental Status

Cryptorchidism

169. Other Urinary Tract and Genital Disorders

Pneumothorax

138. Chest Wall and Pleura

Warm chain

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Pinworm egg

123. Parasitic Diseases

Entero-hepatic circulation

130. Liver Disease

Drug of choice for prophylaxis of pneumocystis jiroveci

125. HIV and AIDS

Lab diagnosis of leptospirosis

122. Zoonoses and Vector Borne Infections

Dose of vitamin K in newborn

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Four common causes of fever with rash

97. Infections Characterized by Fever and Rash

Four years old childe presented with puffiness of face, swelling all over the body and decreased urine output. What is the most probable diagnosis. How will you clinically evaluate and manage this child (2+4+4=10)

162. Nephrotic Syndrome and Proteinuria

Radiological findings in rickets

176. Disorders of Parathyroid Bone and Mineral Endocrinology

Clinical manifestations of snake envenornation

122. Zoonoses and Vector Borne Infections

Management of H N pneumonia in a six months old baby 1 1

110. Pneumonia

Preventable causes of intellectual disability (mental retardation)

8. Disorders of Development

Thumb sucking

12. Temper Tantrums

Rota virus vaccine

94. Immunization and Prophylaxis

BFHI ( Baby friendly hospital initiative)

27. Diet of the Normal Infant

Atypical pneumonia in children

110. Pneumonia

Management of febrile seizures

181. Seizures

CSF pathway

179. Neurology Assessment

Porto systemic anastomosis

130. Liver Disease

Four cardinal signs of Kwashiorkor

30. Pediatric Undernutrition

Four complications of malaria

123. Parasitic Diseases

Indications for endo-tracheal intubation in a newborn

61. Respiratory Diseases of the Newborn

When was last case of wild poliomyelitis reported in India

97. Infections Characterized by Fever and Rash

Six weeks old baby presented with feeding difficulty in the form of suck-rest cycle. O/E baby had moderate cardiomegaly and grade III systolic murmur in the left fourth space. Answer the following: • What is the primary cardiac abnormality. • What associated complication that lead to the presenting complaints. • Discuss the hemodynamics of the primary cardiac abnormality. • Management of the present complication.

145. Heart Failure

Ocular findings in Down’s syndrome.

49. Chromosomal Disorders

MRI findings in tuberous sclerosis.

186. Neurocutaneous Disorders

Complications of measles.

97. Infections Characterized by Fever and Rash

IMNCI ( Integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness)

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Grading of marasmus.

30. Pediatric Undernutrition

Four causes for recurrent lower respiratory tract infection.

136. Lower Airway, Parenchymal, and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases

Endocrine complications of thalassemia.

150. Anemia

Four clinical findings in henoch schonlein purpura.

87. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

Four causes for preterm birth.

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Fetal circulation.

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Visual pathway.

179. Neurology Assessment

Drug of choice for rheumatic carditis with congestive cardiac failure.

146. Rheumatic Fever

Pattern of inheritance of Hunter’s disease.

47. Patterns of Inheritance

Antioxidant vitamins.

31. Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies

What is the lactose content in breast milk

27. Diet of the Normal Infant

A six months old baby was diagnosed to have Fallot's tetralogy. Answer the following: • Discuss the hemodynamics. • Clinical features. • Management.

144. Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

Cephalhematoma.

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Advantages of kangaroo mother care.

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Management of simple febrile convulsions.

181. Seizures

Antenatal diagnosis of Downs syndrome.

48. Genetic Assessment

Ponderal index.

5. Normal Growth

CSF picture of tubercular meningitis.

124. Tuberculosis

Four causes of retinitis pigmentosa.

185. Neurodegenerative Disorders

Four infections causing hepato-splenomegaly.

96. Fever Without a Focus

Cleft palate

127. Oral Cavity

Circle of Willis.

179. Neurology Assessment

Posterior column of spinal cord.

179. Neurology Assessment

Drug used for prophylaxis against pneumocystis – carinii pneumonia

125. HIV and AIDS

Pattern of inheritance of Marfan’s syndrome

47. Patterns of Inheritance

Odor of urine in phenyl ketonuria

53. Amino Acid Disorders

Drug, dosage and duration of treatment for a six month old baby with sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis

124. Tuberculosis

A three years old boy complaints of oliguria and edema since three days. Answer the following:  How will clinically evaluate the patient  How will you investigate  How will you manage if final diagnosis is acute – glomerulonephritis

163. Glomerulonephritis and Hematuria

Mention six benign findings seen in a newborn baby.

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Drugs causing nephrotic syndrome.

162. Nephrotic Syndrome and Proteinuria

Advantages of breast feeding.

27. Diet of the Normal Infant

Hemodynamics in patent ductus arteriosus.

143. Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

ECG changes in hypokalemia.

36. Potassium Disorders

Grading of Kwashiorkor.

30. Pediatric Undernutrition

X-ray findings in a newborn with respiratory distress syndrome.

61. Respiratory Diseases of the Newborn

Causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia.

150. Anemia

Classify JIA (Juvenile Idiopathic arthritis).

89. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Types of ventricular septal defect.

143. Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

Course of sixth cranial nerve

179. Neurology Assessment

Drug of choice in mycoplasma pneumonia.

110. Pneumonia

Pattern of inheritance of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

47. Patterns of Inheritance

Name of enanthem seen in measles.

97. Infections Characterized by Fever and Rash

Name the congenital heart disease in which lower limb pulses are weak

143. Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

Discuss the aetiopathogenesis, clinical features, lab investigations and management of acute rheumatic fever

146. Rheumatic Fever

Laboratory diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis

100. Meningitis

IMNCI

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Definition and management of status epilepticus

181. Seizures

Clinical features and management of cyanotic spell

144. Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

Steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome

162. Nephrotic Syndrome and Proteinuria

Growth assessment and development of one year old child

7. Normal Development

Laboratory diagnosis of dengue

122. Zoonoses and Vector Borne Infections

Steps of hand washing

2. Health Supervision and Well-Child Care

Complications of preterm baby

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Visual pathway

179. Neurology Assessment

Life cycle of plasmodium vivax

123. Parasitic Diseases

Define microcephaly

187. Congenital Malformations of the Central Nervous System

Differentiation of physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice

62. Anemia and Hyperbilirubinemia

One radiological finding in intussusception

129. Intestinal Tract

Late complication of measles

96. Measles

Discuss the aetiopathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory investigations and management of pyogenic meningitis

100. Meningitis

Kawasaki disease

88. Kawasaki Disease

Enumerate the causes of splenomegaly in children

149. Hematology Assessment

Acute flaccid paralysis and surveillance of poliomyelitis

182. Weakness and Hypotonia

Behavioural problems in children

12. Temper Tantrums

Gastro esophageal reflux disease

129. Intestinal Tract

Genetic counselling

47. Patterns of Inheritance

Hyaline membrane disease- clinical features and management

39. Respiratory Failure

Inhalation therapy in bronchial Asthma

78. Asthma

Failure to thrive

6. Disorders of Growth

Internal capsule

179. Neurology Assessment

PDA murmmur

143. Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

One X-ray finding in scurvy

31. Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies

Time of surgical correction of cleft palate

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Vaccination schedule in Japanese B encephalitis

94. Immunization and Prophylaxis

Define hypoglycemia in newborn

172. Hypoglycemia

Two year old male child with weight - 5 kg, height - 75cm and Mid Upper arm Circumference of 10 cm presenting with bilateral pedal edema. What is your probable diagnosis. What complications you expect in this child. How will you manage the child

30. Pediatric Undernutrition

Hospital associated infections

94. Immunization and Prophylaxis

Congestive cardiac failure in an infant – causes and clinical features

145. Heart Failure

Kawasaki disease

88. Kawasaki Disease

Kerosene poisoning

45. Poisoning

Breath holiday spells is modified as Breath holding spells.

181. Seizures

Breast feeding - Advantages to mother and society

27. Diet of the Normal Infant

Screening for hearing impairment in newborn

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Pneumococcal vaccine

94. Immunization and Prophylaxis

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn

151. Hemostatic Disorders

Peripheral smear in iron deficiency anemia

150. Anemia

Radiological features of nutritional rickets

176. Disorders of Parathyroid Bone and Mineral Endocrinology

Name one X linked recessive disorder

47. Patterns of Inheritance

Electrolyte abnormality observed in congenital adrenal hyperplacia

178. Adrenal Gland Dysfunction

Name the organism which causes erythema infectiosum

113. Viral Exanthems

Drug of choice for herpes simplex encephalitis

114. Herpes Simplex Virus

A 3 years old male child is diagnosed to have minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Discuss pathogeneses, clinical features and management of the same.

162. Nephrotic Syndrome and Proteinuria

Complications of bottle feeding.

27. Diet of the Normal Infant

Immunological benefits of breast feeding.

27. Diet of the Normal Infant

Kwashiorkor

30. Pediatric Undernutrition

Hypoglycemia in newborn.

172. Hypoglycemia

What are the age independent criteria for diagnosis of malnutrition.

30. Pediatric Undernutrition

Common causes for acute otitis media

105. Otitis Media

Classify pneumonia according to acute respiratory infection (ARI) control programme.

110. Pneumonia

Prevention of sepsis in newborn nursery

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Low osmolarity ORS (ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION).

33. Dehydration and Replacement Therapy

Ventricular system of brain.

179. Neurology Assessment

Tracheobronchial tree

133. Respiratory System Assessment

Drug of choice in the treatment of cerebral malaria.

123. Parasitic Diseases

Gold standard test for diagnosis of dengue fever.

122. Zoonoses and Vector Borne Infections

What is the rate of transmission of HIV through sexual route

125. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Mention the antidote, its oral dosage & duration in paracetamol poisoning

45. Poisoning

A two years old male child has been brought with history of fever since eight hours and one generalized seizure 30 mts before coming. On examination, seizure has subsided, child is drowsy but arousable.  List four differential diagnosis you consider  How will you come to a clinical diagnosis.  How will you investigate this child. How investigations help to confirm the diagnosis.

181. Seizures

Congenital hypothyroidism

175. Thyroid Disease

Undescended testes

169. Other Urinary Tract and Genital Disorders

Hepatitis A infection

94. Immunization and Prophylaxis

Measles – management and complications

96. Measles

Dyslexia

8. Disorders of Development

Phototherapy

62. Anemia and Hyperbilirubinemia

Polio vaccines in National Immunization Schedule

94. Immunization and Prophylaxis

List the Lab investigations in iron deficiency anaemia

150. Anemia

Laryngomalacia

135. Upper Airway Obstruction

Hemodynamics of ventricular septal defect

143. Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

Extraocular muscles

179. Neurology Assessment

Name two drugs for treating pneumococcal pneumonia.

110. Pneumonia

Number of arteries and veins in the umbilical cord"

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Chromosomal abnormality in turner syndrome

49. Chromosomal Disorders

Minimum age for HPV vaccine in girls

94. Immunization and Prophylaxis

Two years old unimmunized boy admitted with history of low grade fever for last three weeks, recurrent seizures and altered sensorium for last two days. On examination, neck stiffness is elicited.  What is the most probable diagnosis  What are the differential diagnosis  Write down relevant points in history and clinical examination to arrive at a diagnosis  List down the investigation to be done and the expected finding  How will you manage this child

100. Meningitis

Nada’s criteria

146. Rheumatic Fever

Clinical features and urinary findings in acute glomerulonephritis.

163. Glomerulonephritis and Hematuria

Breath holding spells.

181. Seizures

Croup.

107. Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

Heimlich maneuver.

38. Assessment and Resuscitation

Four causes of hypercholesterolemia in child.

51. Metabolic Assessment

Mongolian spot.

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Weight gain in 1st year of life.

5. Normal Growth

Burping

27. Diet of the Normal Infant

Foetal circulation

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Vaccine vial monitor

94. Immunization and Prophylaxis

Drug of choice for mycoplasma pneumonia.

110. Pneumonia

Pattern of inheritance in glucose- 6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

47. Patterns of Inheritance

Quantity of oral rehydration solution (ORS) used in plan-B therapy.

33. Dehydration and Replacement Therapy

In which condition, puddle sign is demonstrated

130. Liver Disease

A seven years old child, known to have bronchial asthma has been brought with history of breathlessness of two hours duration. On examination, he is having tachypnoea, tachycardia and audible wheeze.  How will you assess the severity of acute exacerbation.  What are the differential diagnosis you will consider.  How will you manage acute exacerbation.  What advice you will give to prevent further exacerbation.

78. Asthma

Kangaroo mother care

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Neonatal jaundice appearing on day one of life

62. Anemia and Hyperbilirubinemia

Simple febrile seizure

181. Seizures

Acute bronchiolitis

109. Bronchiolitis

MMR vaccine

94. Immunization and Prophylaxis

Breath holding spell

181. Seizures

Assessment of dehydration in a child with watery diarrhoea

33. Dehydration and Replacement Therapy

Iron chelation in thalassemia

31. Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies

Clinical and radiological findings in nutritional rickets

176. Disorders of Parathyroid Bone and Mineral Endocrinology

Components of stretch reflex (Tendon reflex)

179. Neurology Assessment

Murmur of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

143. Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

Sodium content of low osmolar ORS

33. Dehydration and Replacement Therapy

Age of starting complementary feeding in infants

Ch29: Complementary Feeding

Commonly used potassium sparing diuretic

Ch161: Evaluation of the Kidney and Urinary Tract

Name two vaccines which prevent cancer

Ch93: Infectious Diseases: Introduction

A five years old male child presented with edema around eyes which progressed to generalized edema in few days. He had normal urine output. Urine examination showed heavy proteinuria, but no haematuria.  What is your most probable diagnosis  Write about the pathogenesis of this condition  List down the essential investigations and expected finding  How will you manage the child with in the hospital

Ch165: Nephrotic Syndrome

Clinical features and management of acute watery diarrhoea with some dehydration

Ch35: Fluid and Electrolyte Treatment of Specific Disorders

Microcephaly

Ch5: Assessment of Fetal Growth and Development

Staphylococcal pneumonia

Ch111: Respiratory Tract Infections

Components and hemodynamics of tetralogy of fallot

Ch140: Congenital Heart Disease

WHO classification of vitamin A deficiency

Ch27: Nutritional Requirements

Proper positioning during breast feeding

Ch28: Breastfeeding

Rota virus vaccine

Ch93: Infectious Diseases: Introduction

Antenatal diagnosis of down syndrome

Ch50: Dysmorphology

WIFS -Expand and write a short note

Ch27: Nutritional Requirements

Rates of growth of different tissues and organs in children

Ch5: Assessment of Fetal Growth and Development

Prolactin reflex

Ch28: Breastfeeding

Commonest type of muscular dystrophy in children and its mode of inheritance

Ch184: Neuromuscular Disorders

Dosage and duration of zinc supplementation in a one-year-old child with diarrhea

Ch27: Nutritional Requirements

Cause of hemorrhagic disease of new born

Ch59: The Newborn Infant

One indication for intravenous immunoglobulin in children

Ch74: Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases

A six years old child has been brought with history of facial puffiness and high coloured urine for last 12 hours. He is hypertensive, has pedal edema but no ascites or pleural effusion.  What is the most probable diagnosis.  What is the most important differential diagnosis.  What are the points in history to differentiate the two.  What are the essential investigations to be done and the abnormalities expected.  How will you manage this condition.

Ch162: Glomerular Disease

Neonatal seizures

Ch59: The Newborn Infant

Acute follicular tonsillitis

Ch111: Respiratory Tract Infections

Cyanotic spell in tetralogy of fallot

Ch140: Congenital Heart Disease

Pentavalent vaccine

Ch93: Infectious Diseases: Introduction

Management of otitis media

Ch111: Respiratory Tract Infections

Temper tantrums

Ch14: Discipline

Low osmolar ORS

Ch32: Maintenance and Replacement Therapy

Fine motor development in a three-year-old child

Ch9: The Preschool Years

Hypernatremic dehydration

Ch33: Dehydration

Surface marking of the lungs

Ch133: Evaluation of the Respiratory System

Nephron

Ch161: Evaluation of the Kidney and Urinary Tract

Name the long acting penicillin

Ch93: Infectious Diseases: Introduction

Age at which Moro reflex disappears

Ch6: The Newborn

Toxicity of digitalis is increased by which electrolyte disturbance.

Ch141: Acquired Heart Disease

Currently used oral polio vaccine and the types of viruses it contain.

Ch93: Infectious Diseases: Introduction

An eight year old female child is brought to the outpatient department with fever, pain and swelling over major joints which is migratory in nature. Her ESR is 66 mm in first hour. She gives history of sore throat 20 days back.  What is your probable diagnosis. Discuss etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of the same.

Ch86: Rheumatic Diseases of Childhood

Congenital hypothyroidism

Ch171: Thyroid Disease

Autism spectrum disorder

Ch19: Autism Spectrum Disorder

Kangaroo mother care

Ch60: High-Risk Newborns

Management of urinary tract infections in children

Ch112: Urinary Tract Infections

Prevention and management of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm babies of gestational age less than 32 weeks

Ch60: High-Risk Newborns

Pentavalent vaccine

Ch93: Infectious Diseases: Introduction

Complimentary feeding

Ch29: Complementary Feeding

Acute laryngotracheobronchitis - etiology and management

Ch134: Disorders of the Upper Respiratory Tract

Fine motor development up to one year of life

Ch7: The First Year

Normal vesicular breath sounds and breath sounds in acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma

Ch136: Asthma

Peripheral smear in thalassemia major

Ch149: Anemias

Drug of choice for acetaminophen (Paracetamol) poisoning

Ch44: Poisoning

Intrauterine infection in which congenital cataract is seen

Ch95: Viral Infections

Complication to be suspected in a five-year-old child having down syndrome with recent onset of gait disturbance

Ch50: Dysmorphology

Drug of choice for prophylaxis in an asymptomatic infant born to mother with active tuberculosis.

Ch101: Tuberculosis

A five year old child is brought with history of puffiness around eyes, decreased urine output and passing cola coloured urine for the past 3 days. She had pyoderma of legs three weeks back. On examination child has periorbital puffiness and bilateral pitting pedal edema. Her blood pressure is 132/88 mm of Hg a) What is the most probable diagnosis b) Enumerate the points in history and examination to substantiate your diagnosis c) List the investigations you will plan for this child with expected findings d) Enumerate the management of this child e) Name two complications of this condition

Ch162: Glomerular Disease

Describe the differences between physiological jaundice and pathological Jaundice.

Ch59: The Newborn Infant

Enumerate the clinical features, radiological findings and management of Kerosene poisoning in children.

Ch44: Poisoning

Write the composition of ORS. Enumerate the management of a 2-year-old child with acute diarrheal disease with no dehydration.

Ch32: Maintenance and Replacement Therapy

Describe the clinical features and management of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in children.

Ch150: Bleeding Disorders

Describe the management of a new case of lymphnode tuberculosis in an 8-year-old child

Ch101: Tuberculosis

Describe the clinical features of a child with severe pneumonia

Ch135: Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Describe the clinical features and management of breath holding spell.

Ch11: Sleep Disorders

Routes of administration' corrected as "route of administration"

Ch1: The Profession of Pediatrics

List eight complications in a preterm baby.

Ch60: High-Risk Newborns

Types of trachea oesophageal fistula.

Ch63: Congenital Anomalies

Radiological features of rickets in children.

Ch27: Nutritional Requirements

Write the protein and calorie content of F75 formula feeds.

Ch30: Nutrition in the Toddler and Preschool Years

Name one non pulmonary cause of respiratory distress in the newborns.

Ch59: The Newborn Infant

Name one nucleo side reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug used in children.

Ch100: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Name one cause of large head.

Ch179: Evaluation of the Nervous System

A two-year-old male child presented with bilateral pedal edema. His weight is 5 kg, height 75cm and mid upper arm circumference 11cm. a) What is the most probable diagnosis b) What are the complications expected c) How will you manage this child

Ch30: Nutrition in the Toddler and Preschool Years

Discuss the management of first episode of nephrotic syndrome

Ch165: Nephrotic Syndrome

Discuss the clinical features and management of very severe pneumonia as per National ARI Control Programme.

Ch135: Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Discuss the management of dengue shock syndrome

Ch120: Dengue

Discuss the clinical features of congestive cardiac failure in infants and children

Ch143: Heart Failure

Torsion testes

Ch46: Common Surgical Emergencies

Physiologic jaundice

Ch59: The Newborn Infant

Modified Jones criteria

Ch86: Rheumatic Diseases of Childhood

Temper tantrum

Ch14: Discipline

MR vaccine campaign

Ch93: Infectious Diseases: Introduction

Breath sounds in lobar pneumonia and acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma

Ch135: Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Fetal circulation

Ch139: Evaluation of the Cardiovascular System

Name the vaccines given on day one of life.

Ch93: Infectious Diseases: Introduction

Treatment of choice of scrub typhus

Ch123: Scrub Typhus

Number of iron folic acid tablets given during pregnancy in anemia control program.

Ch27: Nutritional Requirements

Sodium content in low osmolar ORS

Ch32: Maintenance and Replacement Therapy

A two-year-old child is brought with fever for the last 24 hours and seizure 30 minutes back. a) List four important differential diagnosis b) List relevant points in history and physical examination to arrive at a clinical diagnosis c) List relevant investigations to confirm the diagnosis with expected findings.

Ch180: Seizures and Epilepsy

Discuss clinical features and management of hemorrhagic disease of newborn.

Ch59: The Newborn Infant

WHO grading of xerophthalmia

Ch27: Nutritional Requirements

Management of cyanotic spells in an infant with tetralogy of fallot

Ch140: Congenital Heart Disease

Discuss the clinical features and management of nocturnal enuresis.

Ch13: Elimination Disorders

Puddle sign

Ch126: Evaluation of the Digestive System

Torsion testes

Ch46: Common Surgical Emergencies

Pentavalent vaccine

Ch93: Infectious Diseases: Introduction

Tracheo-esophageal fistula - Classification

Ch63: Congenital Anomalies

Mention the clinical features of scurvy

Ch27: Nutritional Requirements

Kramer’s rule

Ch59: The Newborn Infant

Internal capsule

Ch179: Evaluation of the Nervous System

Guthrie’s test is done to diagnose which disease.

Ch48: The Genetic Basis of Common Diseases

Mention the drug used for prophylaxis of portal hypertension in children.

Ch131: Disorders of the Liver

Gower’s sign is classically seen in which disease in children.

Ch184: Neuromuscular Disorders

Most common etiological agent causing acute otitis media in children.

Ch111: Respiratory Tract Infections

A 2-year-old male is brought to the Emergency room (ER) with history of fever and cough for 3 days followed by puffiness of face, more in the morning hours as soon as getting up from sleep, abdominal distension and reduced urine output. No past history of similar illness a) What is the probable diagnosis b) Mention the criteria to diagnose the above clinical condition c) Enumerate the investigations with expected findings d) Describe the management of the child e) List four complication of the condition f) Enumerate the advices you will give at discharge

Ch165: Nephrotic Syndrome

A 12-year-old boy is brought to casualty with history of cough, breathing difficulty and difficulty in speaking –one day. On examination he has respiratory rate of 42/mt and SPO is 88% and bilateral rhonchi present. He gives history of recurrent episodes of 2 cough and breathlessness and has been advised regular treatment to which he is not compliant a) What is the probable diagnosis b) Enumerate the points from history and examination to substantiate the diagnosis c) Describe the steps in the management of this child in casualty d) Enumerate the long term drug management plan for this child e) List the advices you will give regarding home care to prevent further episodes

Ch136: Asthma

Describe the hemodyanamics, clinical features and complications of Ventricular Septal Defect

Ch140: Congenital Heart Disease

Define Cerebral palsy. Classify cerebral palsy based on topography and etiology. List four complications of a child with cerebral palsy

10. Evaluation of the Child With Special Needs

Define Short Stature. List the causes of short stature. Describe the clues to etiology from history and examination and investigations in a child with short stature

6. Disorders of Growth

A 3-day old term baby is brought with jaundice up to soles, abnormal cry and poor feeding. Baby is A+ and mother is O+. Name the complications the child has developed and describe the management strategies. Enumerate the differences between physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice.

62. Anemia and Hyperbilirubinemia

Enumerate the facial features, genetic basis and system wise complications in a child with Down syndrome (PTO)

49. Chromosomal Disorders

Elaborate with diagram the maternal and neonatal reflexes that help in breast feeding.

7. Normal Development

Define autonomy in medical practice. How do you counsel parents of a one-year-old unimmunized child regarding the need for vaccination

3. Ethics and Legal Issues

Enumerate the clinical features of Congenital Hypothyroidism in a neonate

175. Thyroid Disease

Enumerate the clinical features and investigations in a child with acute torsion testis

169. Other Urinary Tract and Genital Disorders

Enumerate the WHO classification for a xerophthalmia

31. Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies

List four glomerular causes of Hematuria

163. Glomerulonephritis and Hematuria

List two common Rheumatological diseases in children

86. Rheumatic Assessment

List two surgical causes for delayed passage of meconium

129. Intestinal Tract

Name two drugs used in the treatment of Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children

155. Leukemia

List two drugs used in Organophosphorus Poisoning

45. Poisoning

Define Perinatal Mortality Rate (PMR)

1. Population and Culture

List two Iron Chelators used in children with Thalassemia who are on regular Packed Red Blood Cells transfusion

31. Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies

List two metabolic causes of chronic liver disease in children.

130. Liver Disease

Define Microcephaly

187. Congenital Malformations of the Central Nervous System

List four causes of Acute Flaccid Paralysis in children.

182. Weakness and Hypotonia

Five-year-old child Geethu has history of recurrent blood transfusions from the age of 8 months. On examination she has pallor, her weight is 16 kg, height is 95 cm. Her skin is dark in colour. Abdominal examination shows a firm liver palpable 4cm below right costal margin with span of 15 cm and firm spleen of size 10 cm a) What is the most probable diagnosis b) Give one differential diagnosis. c) Enumerate the investigation with expected findings d) Describe the management of this child

152. Blood Component Therapy

Write the modified Jones criteria for high prevalent and low prevalent countries.

146. Rheumatic Fever

Describe the WHO classification of dehydration in children.

33. Dehydration and Replacement Therapy

Describe the clinical features, investigations, findings and management of acute Bronchiolitis.

109. Bronchiolitis

Describe the physical and neurological characteristics of a Preterm baby.

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

List the diagnostic criteria for severe acute malnutrition. Describe the role of Ready To Use Therapeutic Food in the management of malnourished children.

30. Pediatric Undernutrition

Describe the clinical features and management of Torsion testes.

169. Other Urinary Tract and Genital Disorders

Describe the differentiating features between simple and complex febrile seizure.

181. Seizures

Enumerate the ECG findings in hypokalemia

36. Potassium Disorders

Describe the clinical sub types of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

89. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Radiological features of Rickets.

176. Disorders of Parathyroid Bone and Mineral Endocrinology

Peripheral smear findings of Megaloblastic Anemia.

150. Anemia

Name one drug used in the management of Status Epilepticus.

181. Seizures

Name one complication of mumps in children.

93. Infectious Disease Assessment

Write one milestone in four domains attained by a two-year-old child.

7. Normal Development

Define Perinatal period.

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

An 18-month old baby is brought to casualty with history of cough, breathing difficulty and poor feeding of three days duration. His weight is

110. Pneumonia

A 4-year-old unimmunized boy is brought with history of fever, sore throat and drooling of saliva for past 5 days. On examination he is sick looking, has dirty white patches over both tonsils extending to uvula and bilaterally enlarged upper cervical nodes a) What is the most probable diagnosis b) Enumerate four points to substantiate your diagnosis c) List four causes of patch in the throat d) Enumerate six complications of this condition e) Describe the management of this child f) Enumerate the steps taken to prevent this disease in other children at home

103. Pharyngitis

Describe the hemodynamics, clinical features and complications of Tetrology of Fallot

144. Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

Define obesity. Describe common etiologies and complications of obesity. List four preventive strategies for obesity

29. Obesity

Describe the clinical features, complications and management of Henoch Schonlein purpura

87. Henoch-Schönlein Purpura

Enumerate the investigations and management of a two-year-old child with fever and cough for the past 3 weeks having a known contact with an open case of tuberculosis

124. Tuberculosis

Describe the etiology, clinical features, complications and management of acute glomerulonephritis in a seven-year-old child (PTO)

163. Glomerulonephritis and Hematuria

Enumerate four obligatory developmental milestones in all domains in a two-year-old child. Name two developmental screening tools

7. Normal Development

Enumerate the catchup vaccination schedule in a two-year-old unimmunised child

94. Immunization and Prophylaxis

Draw and label a flow chart depicting the approach to the diagnosis of a child with microcytic anemia

150. Anemia

Enumerate the components of newborn screening program in Kerala.

51. Metabolic Assessment

Describe the four pillars of medical ethics

3. Ethics and Legal Issues

Name the drug of choice and one common complications of the drug in a child with acute seizures.

181. Seizures

What is the therapeutic dose of iron and duration of treatment in iron deficiency anemia.

31. Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies

List FOUR clinical features of a child with acute diarrheal disease with severe dehydration

33. Dehydration and Replacement Therapy

Enumerate the CSF findings in a child with pyogenic meningitis in term of cells, protein and sugar

100. Meningitis

List FOUR causes of respiratory distress in a preterm baby

39. Respiratory Failure

List FOUR clinical signs in a child with hepatic failure

130. Liver Disease

List TWO indications for the use of zinc in children

31. Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies

Expand AEFI

94. Immunization and Prophylaxis

List the radiological features of duodenal atresia

129. Intestinal Tract

Name the drug of choice in a 10-year-old child with scrub typhus

122. Zoonoses and Vector Borne Infections

Two-year-old unimmunized child is brought to emergency ward with fever, nasal discharge - 3 days, cough 2 days, breathing difficulty 1 day. On examination the child is irritable, her respiratory rate is 62/mt and has lower chest indrawing a) What is the most probable diagnosis b) Name two common etiological agents causing this disease c) Enumerate the points in history and examination to substantiate your diagnosis d) List four complications of this condition e) Describe the management of this child

133. Respiratory System Assessment

Enumerate the clinical features of cardiac failure in infants and children.

145. Heart Failure

Enumerate the investigations and management of a child with first episode Nephrotic syndrome.

162. Nephrotic Syndrome and Proteinuria

Enumerate the physical and neurological characteristics of a normal term new born.

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

List the etiology of short stature in children. Enumerate the clues towards etiological diagnosis from history and examination of a child with short stature.

6. Disorders of Growth

Enumerate the types of Pneumococcal vaccine, its route of administration, site of administration and schedule as per the national immunization schedule.

94. Immunization and Prophylaxis

Enumerate the common causes of Respiratory Distress in Newborns.

39. Respiratory Failure

Enumerate the CSF findings in a child with Acute Bacterial Meningitis.

100. Meningitis

Describe the evolution of rash in measles. List four complications of measles

97. Infections Characterized by Fever and Rash

List three drugs used for chelation therapy in Thalassemia. Enumerate three complications of hemochromatosis in children with thalassemia.

150. Anemia

Peripheral smear in Iron Deficiency Anemia.

150. Anemia

Primary Complex in the lung.

124. Tuberculosis

Paracetamol dose in children.

46. Sedation and Analgesia

Name one clinical condition with high reticulocyte count.

149. Hematology Assessment

Drug of choice in the secondary prophylaxis of Acute Rheumatic fever.

146. Rheumatic Fever

Name one Neurocutaneous syndrome.

186. Neurocutaneous Disorders

The first choice of antihypertensive in this condition is a) Calcium channel blocker b) Vasodilators c) Diuretics d) Betablockers

166. Hypertension

Normal C3 levels are seen in a) PSGN b) SLE Nephritis c) MPGN d) IgA Nephropathy

163. Glomerulonephritis and Hematuria

All of the following are indicated in the treatment of the child EXCEPT a) Frusemide b) Prednisolone c) Antibiotics d) Fluid restriction

95. Antiinfective Therapy

The following are indications for renal biopsy in AGN EXCEPT a) Normal complement levels c) Presence of skin rash and joint pain b) Microscopic hematuria persisting for 3 months d) Low C3 levels beyond 12 weeks

75. Complement System

The following is a feature of non-glomerular hematuria a) Painless hematuria c) Absence of red cell casts b) Cola colored urine d) Presence of edema Question numbers vi-x consist of two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions by selecting the appropriate options given below.

163. Glomerulonephritis and Hematuria

Assertion (A): Physiologic variants of short stature includes familial short stature and constitutional delay Reason (R): In familial short stature, bone age is delayed a) Both A & R are correct, and R is correct explanation of A c) A is correct; R is incorrect b) Both A & R are correct, and R is not correct explanation of A d) A is incorrect; R is correct

6. Disorders of Growth

Assertion (A): The cut off for neonatal hypoglycemia is < 54mg% Reason (R): SGA babies are more prone for hypoglycemia a) Both A & R are correct, and R is correct explanation of A c) A is correct; R is incorrect b) Both A & R are correct, and R is not correct explanation of A d) A is incorrect; R is correct

172. Hypoglycemia

Assertion (A): Airway obstruction in Asthma is characterized by inflammation of the airway mucosa Reason (R): Inhaled steroids along with salbutamol should be given even for reliever therapy. a) Both A & R are correct, and R is correct explanation of A c) A is correct; R is incorrect b) Both A & R are correct, and R is not correct explanation of A d) A is incorrect; R is correct

78. Asthma

Assertion (A): Children with congenital heart disease, left to right shunt lesions present with CHF at 6-8 weeks of life Reason (R): Pulmonary arterial pressures reach a nadir by 6-8 weeks of life a) Both A & R are correct, and R is correct explanation of A c) A is correct; R is incorrect b) Both A & R are correct, and R is not correct explanation of A d) A is incorrect; R is correct

143. Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

Assertion (A): Children with down syndrome have 15 -20 fold higher risk of acute leukemia Reason (R): Endocardial cushion defects are more common in children with Down syndrome. a) Both A & R are correct, and R is correct explanation of A c) A is correct; R is incorrect b) Both A & R are correct, and R is not correct explanation of A d) A is incorrect; R is correct Question numbers xi-xv are multiple-response type questions. Read the statements & mark the answers appropriately.

49. Chromosomal Disorders

Laws of development include 1) The order of development is cephalo-caudal 2) The order of development is proximal to distal 3) Development is a continuous and orderly process 4) The growth of lymphoid tissue is most notable during the pubertal period a) 1 and 2 are correct c) 1, 2 and 3 are correct b) 2 and 4 are correct d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct (PTO)

7. Normal Development

d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct 1) Spinal muscular atrophy 2) GBS 3) Poliomyelitis 4) Cerebral palsy a) 1 and 2 are correct c) 1, 2 and 3 are correct b) 2 and 4 are correct d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct

182. Weakness and Hypotonia

The following are criteria for Kawasaki disease 1) Bilateral non-purulent conjunctival injection 2) Polymorphous rash 3) Unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy 4) Fever lasting for at least 5 days a) 1 and 2 are correct c) 1, 2 and 3 are correct b) 2 and 4 are correct d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct

88. Kawasaki Disease

The following are present in Measles 1) Koplik spots 2) Coryza 3) Roth spots 4) Epstein pearls a) 1 and 2 are correct c) 1, 2 and 3 are correct b) 2 and 4 are correct d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct Question numbers xvi-xx are single-response type questions

97. Infections Characterized by Fever and Rash

The first sign of puberty in girls is a) Pubarche b) Menarche c) Thelarche d) Change in voice

174. Disorders of Puberty

Stridor in a child can be caused by all of the following conditions EXCEPT a) Cystic fibrosis b) Croup c) Foreign body d) Epiglottitis

107. Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

The following vaccines can be frozen except a) OPV b) Measles c) Hepatitis-B d) BCG

94. Immunization and Prophylaxis

Hypertension is defined as average SBP and DBP for age and sex a) > 90th centile b) > 97th centile c) > 99th centile d) > 95th centile

166. Hypertension

The following is NOT seen in Klinefelter’s syndrome a) Small testes b) Learning difficulty c) Short stature d) Gynaecomastia

49. Chromosomal Disorders

Two year old child presents with gait abnormality and irritability of one month duration. On examination has severe pallor and hyper pigmented knuckles. a) What is the diagnosis b) What are the peripheral smear findings c) Laboratory investigations in a child with severe anemia d) Treatment of this condition e) National anemia control programme

150. Anemia

A 6 years old child is brought with history of not growing and height of 87 cms. Write Six causes of short stature in children and approach to short stature.

6. Disorders of Growth

Describe the clinical features, biochemical and radiological findings of Rickets. Treatment of Vitamin D deficiency Rickets.

176. Disorders of Parathyroid Bone and Mineral Endocrinology

Describe the clinical features and classification of Dengue fever. Give an outline on the management of Dengue shock in children.

122. Zoonoses and Vector Borne Infections

Describe the clinical features and diagnosis of Down syndrome. Add a note on antenatal diagnosis.

49. Chromosomal Disorders

Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Immune thrombocytopenia in children.

151. Hemostatic Disorders

What are the FOUR pillars of medical ethics. Explain with examples with reference to child health.

3. Ethics and Legal Issues

Write short note on MCP card and growth chart.

5. Normal Growth

Write short note on a) Adolescent friendly health services b) POCSO Act

3. Ethics and Legal Issues

Define the criteria for Severe acute malnutrition and list the complications.

30. Pediatric Undernutrition

What are the clinical features of intussuception in children. Briefly discuss the investigation and management of intussuception.

129. Intestinal Tract

Name Three components and Three advantages of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC).

58. Assessment of the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn

Write differential diagnosis for Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) in children and add a note on AFP surveillance.

182. Weakness and Hypotonia